MediaPlayer overview,The basics
WebMediaPlayer | Android Developers. Documentation. Overview Guides Reference Samples Design & Quality AdSoftonic is the largest software and App discovery destination. 25 years on the market! At Softonic you can download and consult reviews and news about your favorite programs WebMediaPlayer | Android Developers. Documentation. Overview Guides Reference Samples Design & Quality WebJun 1, · I want media controls such as play/pause for streaming audio that I am playing in my app. I am using MediaPlayer to stream and play the audio. Can someone WebMay 2, · Step 1: Download source code. First, download the source code given below. Step 2: Extract file. Next, after you finished download the source code, extract the zip ... read more
Android Android Application File Structure. What's Android Interface Definition Language AIDL in Android? Android Running your first Android app. Android How to add Radio Buttons in an Android Application? How to Clone Android Project from GitHub in Android Studio? Difference between Android 1. Article Contributed By :. Easy Normal Medium Hard Expert. What's New. Improve your Coding Skills with Practice Try It! We use cookies to ensure you have the best browsing experience on our website. Start Your Coding Journey Now! Login Register. MediaPlayer import androidx. AppCompatActivity import android. Bundle import android. Button class MainActivity : AppCompatActivity { override fun onCreate savedInstanceState: Bundle? onCreate savedInstanceState setContentView R. prepare } } }. The player is only called from the media session that controls it. The media controller you learned about earlier in this chapter is a view with transport controls that you attach directly to a media player, usually a VideoView.
That MediaController class is part of the android. For more complex media apps there is another kind of MediaController in the android. session package. This kind of MediaController has no visible interface, and it serves as the layer between the media session and your activity's UI. The media controller isolates your UI from other parts of your app, including the player. Your UI code communicates only with the media controller. The media controller translates UI control actions play, pause, fast-forward, rewind, skip back or ahead into callbacks to the media session. It also receives callbacks from the media session whenever the session state changes, to enable your app to update the state of the UI. Often, more than one media controller controls the media session.
In addition to your app's media controller, other media controllers could be cars Android Auto , watches Android Wear , the media buttons on your headphones, notifications on your screen, or even other apps, which might fade out your audio to deliver notifications to the user. This architecture is mostly useful for audio or music playback apps. For example, you might use it to enable apps such as Android Auto or Wear OS to browse and control music that your app provides. The server part of this architecture is defined by the MediaBrowserService. It provides two main features:. The MediaBrowserService contains the media session and the media player and manages connections from client. It is also, as the name implies, an Android Service , which can run in the background independently of your app's Activity. The media browser client is defined by the MediaBrowser class. In your playback activity you create the media browser object and use it to connect to the media browser service.
The media browser also provides callbacks to manage the connection with the service and to keep the UI in sync when the playback state changes. A video app needs a window for viewing content. Usually, the Activity in which the user plays video remains visible for the entire time the user is watching either as a full-screen app or in multi-window or picture-in-picture mode. For this reason, you usually implement the components of the media architecture in a video app as a single Android Activity. That activity contains a media controller, a media session, and a media player. The app's UI interacts with the controller, which sends callbacks to the media session, which controls the player. Changes to the player state are communicated back through the session to the controller, and from the controller to the UI. The screen on which the video appears is part of the activity. Video apps do not generally use the media browser client or server, because all of the playback takes place in a single activity, and the user generally watches video with the app visible on the screen.
See Building a Video App for more information on this architecture. An audio player does not always need to have its UI visible. Once it begins to play audio, the player can run as a background task or service. The user can switch to another app while listening to the audio in the background. To implement this design in Android, build your audio app in two parts:. If you factor the two parts of an audio app into separate components in this way, then the service and the audio playback can run in the background when the user switches to another app. See Building an Audio App for more information on this architecture and implementation. The related practical documentation is Playing video with VideoView. If you want to play media in your app you have several options: Send an implicit intent to another app, such as the YouTube app or Google Play app.
Use a simple video player view to embed a video sample in your activity layout. Use a media player, such as the open source ExoPlayer library or the Android platform's MediaPlayer class, to embed audio or video playback in your app. Implement a complete audio or video media app that plays media and also interacts with other system functions. This chapter gives you an overview of each of these ways to play media in your app. Media formats and sources To play audio or video in your app with any media player, you need a source of playable content, and that content needs to be in a format that the player can read. The format can mean different things: The format can mean the format or encoding of the individual media samples. This is often called the sample format or codec , and it determines how the media sample has been encoded or compressed. Common audio formats include MP3 or AAC.
Video formats include H. Note that a video file contains media in at least two formats: one for the video and one for the audio track. The format can mean the format of the container that holds the media content plus associated metadata. These are called container formats. An encoded media file has a single container format, for example, MPEG The container format is commonly indicated by the file extension, for example. For some audio-only formats such as MP3, the sample format and container format are the same.
Playing media with intents The easiest way to play audio or video in your app is to send an implicit intent to the Android system. setData Uri. resolveActivity getPackageManager! Note: To embed a YouTube video in your activity layout, you can use the YouTube API and player library. See YouTube Player API for more details. Note: If your media app explicitly plays audio in the background such as with a music player , you must implement media playback as a service and interact with other apps that play audio. Using MediaPlayer can be straightforward in principle. However, it's important to keep in mind that a few more things are necessary to integrate it correctly with a typical Android application.
For example, the call to prepare can take a long time to execute, because it might involve fetching and decoding media data. So, as is the case with any method that may take long to execute, you should never call it from your application's UI thread. Doing that causes the UI to hang until the method returns, which is a very bad user experience and can cause an ANR Application Not Responding error. Even if you expect your resource to load quickly, remember that anything that takes more than a tenth of a second to respond in the UI causes a noticeable pause and gives the user the impression that your application is slow. To avoid hanging your UI thread, spawn another thread to prepare the MediaPlayer and notify the main thread when done. However, while you could write the threading logic yourself, this pattern is so common when using MediaPlayer that the framework supplies a convenient way to accomplish this task by using the prepareAsync method.
This method starts preparing the media in the background and returns immediately. When the media is done preparing, the onPrepared method of the MediaPlayer. OnPreparedListener , configured through setOnPreparedListener is called. Another aspect of a MediaPlayer that you should keep in mind is that it's state-based. That is, the MediaPlayer has an internal state that you must always be aware of when writing your code, because certain operations are only valid when the player is in specific states. If you perform an operation while in the wrong state, the system may throw an exception or cause other undesirable behaviors. The documentation in the MediaPlayer class shows a complete state diagram, that clarifies which methods move the MediaPlayer from one state to another.
For example, when you create a new MediaPlayer , it is in the Idle state. At that point, you should initialize it by calling setDataSource , bringing it to the Initialized state. After that, you have to prepare it using either the prepare or prepareAsync method. When the MediaPlayer is done preparing, it enters the Prepared state, which means you can call start to make it play the media. At that point, as the diagram illustrates, you can move between the Started , Paused and PlaybackCompleted states by calling such methods as start , pause , and seekTo , amongst others. When you call stop , however, notice that you cannot call start again until you prepare the MediaPlayer again. Always keep the state diagram in mind when writing code that interacts with a MediaPlayer object, because calling its methods from the wrong state is a common cause of bugs.
A MediaPlayer can consume valuable system resources. Therefore, you should always take extra precautions to make sure you are not hanging on to a MediaPlayer instance longer than necessary. When you are done with it, you should always call release to make sure any system resources allocated to it are properly released. For example, if you are using a MediaPlayer and your activity receives a call to onStop , you must release the MediaPlayer , because it makes little sense to hold on to it while your activity is not interacting with the user unless you are playing media in the background, which is discussed in the next section. When your activity is resumed or restarted, of course, you need to create a new MediaPlayer and prepare it again before resuming playback. Here's how you should release and then nullify your MediaPlayer :. As an example, consider the problems that could happen if you forgot to release the MediaPlayer when your activity is stopped, but create a new one when the activity starts again.
As you may know, when the user changes the screen orientation or changes the device configuration in another way , the system handles that by restarting the activity by default , so you might quickly consume all of the system resources as the user rotates the device back and forth between portrait and landscape, because at each orientation change, you create a new MediaPlayer that you never release. For more information about runtime restarts, see Handling Runtime Changes. You may be wondering what happens if you want to continue playing "background media" even when the user leaves your activity, much in the same way that the built-in Music application behaves.
In this case, what you need is a MediaPlayer controlled by a Service, as discussed in the next section. If you want your media to play in the background even when your application is not onscreen—that is, you want it to continue playing while the user is interacting with other applications—then you must start a Service and control the MediaPlayer instance from there. You need to embed the MediaPlayer in a MediaBrowserServiceCompat service and have it interact with a MediaBrowserCompat in another activity. There are expectations about how a player running in a background service interacts with the rest of the system. If your application does not fulfill those expectations, the user may have a bad experience.
Read Building an Audio App for the full details. This section describes special instructions for managing a MediaPlayer when it is implemented inside a service. First of all, like an Activity , all work in a Service is done in a single thread by default—in fact, if you're running an activity and a service from the same application, they use the same thread the "main thread" by default. Therefore, services need to process incoming intents quickly and never perform lengthy computations when responding to them. If any heavy work or blocking calls are expected, you must do those tasks asynchronously: either from another thread you implement yourself, or using the framework's many facilities for asynchronous processing.
For instance, when using a MediaPlayer from your main thread, you should call prepareAsync rather than prepare , and implement a MediaPlayer. OnPreparedListener in order to be notified when the preparation is complete and you can start playing. For example:. On synchronous operations, errors would normally be signaled with an exception or an error code, but whenever you use asynchronous resources, you should make sure your application is notified of errors appropriately. In the case of a MediaPlayer , you can accomplish this by implementing a MediaPlayer. OnErrorListener and setting it in your MediaPlayer instance:. It's important to remember that when an error occurs, the MediaPlayer moves to the Error state see the documentation for the MediaPlayer class for the full state diagram and you must reset it before you can use it again. Using wake locks When designing applications that play media in the background, the device may go to sleep while your service is running.
Because the Android system tries to conserve battery while the device is sleeping, the system tries to shut off any of the phone's features that are not necessary, including the CPU and the WiFi hardware. However, if your service is playing or streaming music, you want to prevent the system from interfering with your playback. In order to ensure that your service continues to run under those conditions, you have to use "wake locks. Notice: You should always use wake locks sparingly and hold them only for as long as truly necessary, because they significantly reduce the battery life of the device. To ensure that the CPU continues running while your MediaPlayer is playing, call the setWakeMode method when initializing your MediaPlayer. Once you do, the MediaPlayer holds the specified lock while playing and releases the lock when paused or stopped:.
However, the wake lock acquired in this example guarantees only that the CPU remains awake. If you are streaming media over the network and you are using Wi-Fi, you probably want to hold a WifiLock as well, which you must acquire and release manually. So, when you start preparing the MediaPlayer with the remote URL, you should create and acquire the Wi-Fi lock. When you pause or stop your media, or when you no longer need the network, you should release the lock:. As mentioned earlier, a MediaPlayer object can consume a significant amount of system resources, so you should keep it only for as long as you need and call release when you are done with it.
It's important to call this cleanup method explicitly rather than rely on system garbage collection because it might take some time before the garbage collector reclaims the MediaPlayer , as it's only sensitive to memory needs and not to shortage of other media-related resources. So, in the case when you're using a service, you should always override the onDestroy method to make sure you are releasing the MediaPlayer :. You should always look for other opportunities to release your MediaPlayer as well, apart from releasing it when being shut down. For example, if you expect not to be able to play media for an extended period of time after losing audio focus, for example , you should definitely release your existing MediaPlayer and create it again later.
On the other hand, if you only expect to stop playback for a very short time, you should probably hold on to your MediaPlayer to avoid the overhead of creating and preparing it again. Starting with Android 8. They are similar to the low-level API provided by MediaDrm , but they operate at a higher level and do not expose the underlying extractor, drm, and crypto objects. Although the MediaPlayer DRM API does not provide the full functionality of MediaDrm , it supports the most common use cases. The current implementation can handle the following content types:. The following code snippet demonstrates how to use the new DRM MediaPlayer methods in a simple synchronous implementation. To manage DRM-controlled media, you need to include the new methods alongside the usual flow of MediaPlayer calls, as shown below:. Start by initializing the MediaPlayer object and setting its source using setDataSource , as usual. Then, to use DRM, perform these steps:.
If MediaPlayer. DrmInfo exists:. By default, prepareDrm runs synchronously, blocking until preparation is finished. However, the very first DRM preparation on a new device may also require provisioning, which is handled internally by prepareDrm , and may take some time to finish due to the network operation involved. You can avoid blocking on prepareDrm by defining and setting a MediaPlayer. When you set an OnDrmPreparedListener , prepareDrm performs the provisioning if needed and preparation in the background.
When provisioning and preparation have finished, the listener is called. You should not make any assumption about the calling sequence or the thread in which the listener runs unless the listener is registered with a handler thread. The listener can be called before or after prepareDrm returns. You can initialize the DRM asynchronously by creating and registering the MediaPlayer. OnDrmInfoListener for DRM preparation and the MediaPlayer. OnDrmPreparedListener to start the player. They work in conjunction with prepareAsync , as shown below:. Another feature that may be useful in a media player application is the ability to retrieve music that the user has on the device.
You can do that by querying the ContentResolver for external media:. To use this with the MediaPlayer , you can do this:. Content and code samples on this page are subject to the licenses described in the Content License. Platform Android Studio Google Play Jetpack Kotlin Docs Games. Developer guides App basics. App resources. Resource types. App manifest file. Device compatibility. Multiple APK support. Large screens — tablets, foldables, ChromeOS. Large screen ready. Large screen optimized. Large screen differentiated. Getting started. Building UI with Compose. Building UI with Views. Tiles and complications. Handling data. User input. Health services. Creating watch faces. Watch Face Studio. Android TV. Build TV Apps. Build TV playback apps.
Help users find content on TV. Recommend TV content. Watch Next. Build TV games. Build TV input services. TV Accessibility. Android for Cars.
The Android multimedia framework includes support for playing variety of common media types, so that you can easily integrate audio, video and images into your applications. You can play audio or video from media files stored in your application's resources raw resources , from standalone files in the filesystem, or from a data stream arriving over a network connection, all using MediaPlayer APIs. This document shows you how to use MediaPlayer to write a media-playing application that interacts with the user and the system in order to obtain good performance and a pleasant user experience. Alternatively, you might want to use ExoPlayer , which is a customizable open source library that supports high-performance features not available in MediaPlayer. Note: You can play back the audio data only to the standard output device. Currently, that is the mobile device speaker or a Bluetooth headset.
You cannot play sound files in the conversation audio during a call. Before starting development on your application using MediaPlayer, make sure your manifest has the appropriate declarations to allow use of related features. One of the most important components of the media framework is the MediaPlayer class. An object of this class can fetch, decode, and play both audio and video with minimal setup. It supports several different media sources such as:. For a list of media formats that Android supports, see the Supported Media Formats page. In this case, a "raw" resource is a file that the system does not try to parse in any particular way.
However, the content of this resource should not be raw audio. It should be a properly encoded and formatted media file in one of the supported formats. And here is how you might play from a URI available locally in the system that you obtained through a Content Resolver, for instance :. Note: If you're passing a URL to stream an online media file, the file must be capable of progressive download. Caution: You must either catch or pass IllegalArgumentException and IOException when using setDataSource , because the file you are referencing might not exist. Using MediaPlayer can be straightforward in principle. However, it's important to keep in mind that a few more things are necessary to integrate it correctly with a typical Android application.
For example, the call to prepare can take a long time to execute, because it might involve fetching and decoding media data. So, as is the case with any method that may take long to execute, you should never call it from your application's UI thread. Doing that causes the UI to hang until the method returns, which is a very bad user experience and can cause an ANR Application Not Responding error. Even if you expect your resource to load quickly, remember that anything that takes more than a tenth of a second to respond in the UI causes a noticeable pause and gives the user the impression that your application is slow. To avoid hanging your UI thread, spawn another thread to prepare the MediaPlayer and notify the main thread when done. However, while you could write the threading logic yourself, this pattern is so common when using MediaPlayer that the framework supplies a convenient way to accomplish this task by using the prepareAsync method.
This method starts preparing the media in the background and returns immediately. When the media is done preparing, the onPrepared method of the MediaPlayer. OnPreparedListener , configured through setOnPreparedListener is called. Another aspect of a MediaPlayer that you should keep in mind is that it's state-based. That is, the MediaPlayer has an internal state that you must always be aware of when writing your code, because certain operations are only valid when the player is in specific states. If you perform an operation while in the wrong state, the system may throw an exception or cause other undesirable behaviors. The documentation in the MediaPlayer class shows a complete state diagram, that clarifies which methods move the MediaPlayer from one state to another. For example, when you create a new MediaPlayer , it is in the Idle state.
At that point, you should initialize it by calling setDataSource , bringing it to the Initialized state. After that, you have to prepare it using either the prepare or prepareAsync method. When the MediaPlayer is done preparing, it enters the Prepared state, which means you can call start to make it play the media. At that point, as the diagram illustrates, you can move between the Started , Paused and PlaybackCompleted states by calling such methods as start , pause , and seekTo , amongst others. When you call stop , however, notice that you cannot call start again until you prepare the MediaPlayer again. Always keep the state diagram in mind when writing code that interacts with a MediaPlayer object, because calling its methods from the wrong state is a common cause of bugs.
A MediaPlayer can consume valuable system resources. Therefore, you should always take extra precautions to make sure you are not hanging on to a MediaPlayer instance longer than necessary. When you are done with it, you should always call release to make sure any system resources allocated to it are properly released. For example, if you are using a MediaPlayer and your activity receives a call to onStop , you must release the MediaPlayer , because it makes little sense to hold on to it while your activity is not interacting with the user unless you are playing media in the background, which is discussed in the next section. When your activity is resumed or restarted, of course, you need to create a new MediaPlayer and prepare it again before resuming playback.
Here's how you should release and then nullify your MediaPlayer :. As an example, consider the problems that could happen if you forgot to release the MediaPlayer when your activity is stopped, but create a new one when the activity starts again. As you may know, when the user changes the screen orientation or changes the device configuration in another way , the system handles that by restarting the activity by default , so you might quickly consume all of the system resources as the user rotates the device back and forth between portrait and landscape, because at each orientation change, you create a new MediaPlayer that you never release. For more information about runtime restarts, see Handling Runtime Changes. You may be wondering what happens if you want to continue playing "background media" even when the user leaves your activity, much in the same way that the built-in Music application behaves. In this case, what you need is a MediaPlayer controlled by a Service, as discussed in the next section.
If you want your media to play in the background even when your application is not onscreen—that is, you want it to continue playing while the user is interacting with other applications—then you must start a Service and control the MediaPlayer instance from there. You need to embed the MediaPlayer in a MediaBrowserServiceCompat service and have it interact with a MediaBrowserCompat in another activity. There are expectations about how a player running in a background service interacts with the rest of the system. If your application does not fulfill those expectations, the user may have a bad experience. Read Building an Audio App for the full details.
This section describes special instructions for managing a MediaPlayer when it is implemented inside a service. First of all, like an Activity , all work in a Service is done in a single thread by default—in fact, if you're running an activity and a service from the same application, they use the same thread the "main thread" by default. Therefore, services need to process incoming intents quickly and never perform lengthy computations when responding to them. If any heavy work or blocking calls are expected, you must do those tasks asynchronously: either from another thread you implement yourself, or using the framework's many facilities for asynchronous processing.
For instance, when using a MediaPlayer from your main thread, you should call prepareAsync rather than prepare , and implement a MediaPlayer. OnPreparedListener in order to be notified when the preparation is complete and you can start playing. For example:. On synchronous operations, errors would normally be signaled with an exception or an error code, but whenever you use asynchronous resources, you should make sure your application is notified of errors appropriately. In the case of a MediaPlayer , you can accomplish this by implementing a MediaPlayer. OnErrorListener and setting it in your MediaPlayer instance:. It's important to remember that when an error occurs, the MediaPlayer moves to the Error state see the documentation for the MediaPlayer class for the full state diagram and you must reset it before you can use it again.
Using wake locks When designing applications that play media in the background, the device may go to sleep while your service is running. Because the Android system tries to conserve battery while the device is sleeping, the system tries to shut off any of the phone's features that are not necessary, including the CPU and the WiFi hardware. However, if your service is playing or streaming music, you want to prevent the system from interfering with your playback. In order to ensure that your service continues to run under those conditions, you have to use "wake locks. Notice: You should always use wake locks sparingly and hold them only for as long as truly necessary, because they significantly reduce the battery life of the device.
To ensure that the CPU continues running while your MediaPlayer is playing, call the setWakeMode method when initializing your MediaPlayer. Once you do, the MediaPlayer holds the specified lock while playing and releases the lock when paused or stopped:. However, the wake lock acquired in this example guarantees only that the CPU remains awake. If you are streaming media over the network and you are using Wi-Fi, you probably want to hold a WifiLock as well, which you must acquire and release manually. So, when you start preparing the MediaPlayer with the remote URL, you should create and acquire the Wi-Fi lock. When you pause or stop your media, or when you no longer need the network, you should release the lock:. As mentioned earlier, a MediaPlayer object can consume a significant amount of system resources, so you should keep it only for as long as you need and call release when you are done with it. It's important to call this cleanup method explicitly rather than rely on system garbage collection because it might take some time before the garbage collector reclaims the MediaPlayer , as it's only sensitive to memory needs and not to shortage of other media-related resources.
So, in the case when you're using a service, you should always override the onDestroy method to make sure you are releasing the MediaPlayer :. You should always look for other opportunities to release your MediaPlayer as well, apart from releasing it when being shut down. For example, if you expect not to be able to play media for an extended period of time after losing audio focus, for example , you should definitely release your existing MediaPlayer and create it again later. On the other hand, if you only expect to stop playback for a very short time, you should probably hold on to your MediaPlayer to avoid the overhead of creating and preparing it again.
Starting with Android 8. They are similar to the low-level API provided by MediaDrm , but they operate at a higher level and do not expose the underlying extractor, drm, and crypto objects. Although the MediaPlayer DRM API does not provide the full functionality of MediaDrm , it supports the most common use cases. The current implementation can handle the following content types:. The following code snippet demonstrates how to use the new DRM MediaPlayer methods in a simple synchronous implementation. To manage DRM-controlled media, you need to include the new methods alongside the usual flow of MediaPlayer calls, as shown below:. Start by initializing the MediaPlayer object and setting its source using setDataSource , as usual.
Then, to use DRM, perform these steps:. If MediaPlayer. DrmInfo exists:. By default, prepareDrm runs synchronously, blocking until preparation is finished. However, the very first DRM preparation on a new device may also require provisioning, which is handled internally by prepareDrm , and may take some time to finish due to the network operation involved. You can avoid blocking on prepareDrm by defining and setting a MediaPlayer. When you set an OnDrmPreparedListener , prepareDrm performs the provisioning if needed and preparation in the background. When provisioning and preparation have finished, the listener is called.
Android Audio / Media Player with Examples,Your Answer
WebMaster programming and take your career to new heights with clear, concise C, Android, and Web Development courses for just Rs. / $ Get lifetime acce WebMediaPlayer | Android Developers. Documentation. Overview Guides Reference Samples Design & Quality AdSoftonic is the largest software and App discovery destination. 25 years on the market! At Softonic you can download and consult reviews and news about your favorite programs WebMediaPlayer | Android Developers. Documentation. Overview Guides Reference Samples Design & Quality WebJun 1, · I want media controls such as play/pause for streaming audio that I am playing in my app. I am using MediaPlayer to stream and play the audio. Can someone WebMay 2, · Step 1: Download source code. First, download the source code given below. Step 2: Extract file. Next, after you finished download the source code, extract the zip ... read more
public void onPrepared MediaPlayer mediaplayer { Log. setText String. This method returns an instance of MediaPlayer class. Mitigate security risks in your app. Android - MediaPlayer. Callback, MediaPlayerControl { setDataSource getApplicationContext , myUri ; mPlayer.
Routing between devices. MediaController with MediaPlayer Ask Question. The media session is defined by the MediaSession class, and it maintains a representation of the media player's state and information about what is playing. MediaPlayer import androidx. App manifest file. prepare ; mediaPlayer.
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